WATER-ROCK
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The equipment employs a collapsible reaction cell of gold, housed within a pressure vessel and rotating furnace. Pure water acts as the pressure fluid in a jacket surrounding the cells, and the cell and pressure fluids have separate valves. As samples are extracted (typically 1 ml via gas-tight syringe), the bag contracts and its decreased volume is offset by automatically pumping in an equivalent volume of pressure fluid into the surrounding jacket. Total cell volume is about 240 mls, and about 80 mls can be extracted without damage to the bag. The bags have been tested under reducing conditions, from pure water to fully saturated CaCl2 brines, and have proven to be inert up to the maximum temperature and pressure of 500° and 500 bars. The design also allows simple assembly and disassembly, and a rapid turn-around between experiments. The lab occupies a floor space of approximately 400 square feet and has eight complete systems, each with its own rotating furnace. Selected References based on Lab Results Bischoff, J.L. and Dickson, F.W., 1975, Seawater-basalt interaction at 200° and 500 bars: implications for origin of seafloor heavy-metal deposits and regulation of seawater chemistry: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 25: 385-397. Bischoff, J.L. and Seyfried, W.E., 1978, Hydrothermal chemistry of sea water from 250 to 350°: American Journal of Science, 278: 838-860. Rosenbauer, R.J., Bischoff, J.L., and Radtke, A.S., 1983, Hydrothermal alteration of graywacke and basalt by 4 m NaCl: Economic Geology, 79(8). Bischoff, J.L. and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1985, An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater: American Journal of Science, 285: 725-763. Rosenbauer, R.J., Bischoff, J.L., and Kharaka, Y.K., 1992, Geochemical effects of mdeep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, USA: Applied Geochemistry, 7: 273-286. Rosenbauer, R.J., Bischoff, J.L., and Potter, J., 1993, A flexible-gold cell with quick assembly for hydrothermal experiments: American Mineralogist, 78: 1286-1289. |
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| Capabilities
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URL http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/capabilities/chema/watrock/equip.html
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